Abdullah was also criticized for his policies on religious freedom. Abdullah's legacy is a controversial one. Abdullah, like Fahd, was one of the many sons of Ibn Saud, the founder of modern Saudi Arabia. He also continued to be the President of the High Council for Petroleum and Minerals, President of the King Abdulaziz Center For National Dialogue, Chairman of the Council of Civil Service, and head of the Military Service Council until his death in 2015.King Abdullah was, in 2012, named as the most influential Muslim among 500 Muslims for the previous 4 years. The plan calls for a return to the pre-1967 borders and a right of return for Palestinian refugees. In August 1962, Prince Abdullah was appointed to lead the Saudi Arabian National Guard. During his reign, tensions increased between conservative He discussed with, and obtained approval from, Saudi and non-Saudi Islamic scholars to hold the interfaith dialogue. King Abdullah became ill and was taken to the hospital at the beginning of 2015. King Fahd died on August 1, 2005, and Crown Prince Abdullah became king, taking power in name as well as in practice.

In 2012, for example, the Saudi poet Hamza Kashgari was arrested for making several Twitter posts that allegedly denigrated the Islamic prophet Muhammed; he was imprisoned for nearly two years. It is all the more impressive that these efforts and initiatives are pursued while King Abdullah effectively balances his religious obligations as "Custodian of the Two Holy Mosques" with his day-to-day responsibilities for managing a vibrant and rapidly developing country of some 26 million people.king Abdullah, king of Saudi Arabia, Abdullah of Saudi Arabia, king Abdullah of Saudi Arabia Dr. Kallie Szczepanski is a history teacher specializing in Asian history and culture. Markowich named EurASc fellow. Abdullah bin Abdulaziz Al Saud (Arabic: عبدالله بن عبدالعزيز آل سعود‎, ‘Abd Allāh ibn ‘Abd al-‘Azīz Āl Sa‘ūd, Najdi Arabic pronunciation:; 1 August 1924 – 23 January 2015) was the King of Saudi Arabia and Custodian of the Two Holy Mosques from 2005 to 2015. Other groups—including Human Rights Watch—criticized the king for his alleged human rights violations, including the mistreatment of prisoners. In December 2012, King Abdullah visited Pope Benedict XVI in the Apostolic Palace, being the first and only Saudi monarch to do so. The fundamentalists sometimes used terrorist acts (such as bombing and kidnapping) to express their anger over issues like the stationing of American troops on Saudi soil. In 2002, for example, the king put forth a Middle East Peace Plan. During his reign, tensions increased between conservative Salafi(Wahhabi) forces and liberal reformers. Little is known about King Abdullah's childhood. In September 2000, he attended “King Abdullah of Saudi Arabia: A Leader of Consequence”, a book by S. Rob Sobhani, PhD., (Caspian Publishing) concentrates on King Abdullah's role as a reformist. The historic conference finally took place in Madrid in July 2008, wherein religious leaders of different faiths participated, and which later led to the 2010 proclamation of In 2011, an agreement for the establishment of the King Abdullah bin Abdulaziz During his reign as monarch King Abdullah figured as a powerful and steadfast U.S. ally who joined Washington’s fight against al-Qaida and sought to modernize the kingdom. King Abdullah cracked down on the Islamists but didn't make the significant reforms for which many observers both inside and outside of Saudi Arabia had hoped. In this role, he presided over meetings of the king's cabinet. Photographed by Dylan Martinez — ReutersDuring his reign he maintained close relations with United States and United Kingdom. After King Abdullah's death, his half-brother Salman bin Abdulaziz Al Saud became the king of Saudi Arabia. He was Chairman of the Saudi Supreme Economic Council until 2009. He again traveled to the United States as Crown Prince in October 1987, meeting Vice President George H. W. Bush. In December 1995, King Fahd had a series of strokes that left him more or less incapacitated and unable to fulfill his political duties. King Fahd also officially named Abdullah the Crown Prince, meaning he was next in line for the throne. She has taught at the high school and university levels in the U.S. and South Korea. In October 1976, as Prince Abdullah was being trained for greater responsibility in Riyadh, he was sent to the United States to meet with President Gerald Ford. The modernizers increasingly used blogs and pressure from international groups to call for increased women's rights, reform of Sharia-based laws, and greater press and religious freedoms. He ascended to the throne on 1 August 2005 upon the death of his half-brother, King Fahd.


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